Sarcococca confusa aka Sweet Box

Sarcococca confusa, or sweet box, belongs to the boxwood family. This evergreen shrub has links to China, though its origin remains unclear. Kew lists Sichuan and Hubei as its native range. Other sources note that no wild plants have been found. It may have arisen as a hybrid of Chinese species. Its name reflects past confusion with other plants.

In gardens, it reaches about 3–5 feet [0.9–1.5 metres] tall and wide. The RHS also notes heights of 6.6 feet [2 metres]. Growth is slow, with maturity taking five to ten years. Young plants have an open shape with upright, arching green stems. Older shrubs form dense, rounded mounds. Underground shoots help the plant spread. The simple leaves grow in an alternate pattern along the stems. Their dark green upper sides shine above paler undersides. They feel leathery and have wavy edges. Leaf shapes range from narrow and lanceolate to oval.

Small cream-white flowers open in winter, often from late January through February. They lack petals and draw attention through scent rather than colour. Their sweet smell recalls vanilla. The plant bears separate male and female flowers. Male blooms show cream anthers that extend beyond the flower. Female blooms have two or three styles. The oval fruits start red, then turn glossy black. These drupes take about a year to ripen. They may remain on the shrub through winter.

Sweet box grows best in partial or full shade. It prefers moist soil that drains well and contains ample humus. It accepts clay, loam, sand and chalk, across a broad pH range. Damp soil can help it cope with full sun. It also tolerates dry shade, drought in shade and air pollution. The RHS gives it an H5 hardiness rating. NC State lists USDA zones 6b–9b. A sheltered site suits it. Seeds and late-summer semi-hardwood cuttings offer ways to raise more plants.

Its evergreen leaves give borders and low hedges year-round structure. It also suits screens, containers, courtyards and beds beside paths. Winter scent adds interest when few flowers are open. Care needs are low, and deer and rabbits tend to leave it alone. Serious pest problems are uncommon, though honey fungus can affect it. The fruits serve as ornaments, not food. RHS warnings apply to both people and pets. Wear gloves and suitable protection when handling the plant.