Syzygium cumini aka Jaman

Syzygium cumini is known as jambolan or Java plum. It belongs to the myrtle family, Myrtaceae. Its native range spans tropical and subtropical Asia to northern Queensland. This evergreen grows as a tree or shrub. In India, it grows in many kinds of forest. These range from wet sites to fairly dry ground. It also grows near coasts and in swamps.

The tree grows fast and forms a dense crown. Its usual height is 33–49 feet [10–15 metres]. Some trees reach 115 feet [35 metres]. A separate height entry gives 66 feet [20 metres]. The short, thick trunk branches low above the ground. Its diameter ranges from 1.3–3.3 feet [0.4–1 metre]. Growers plant it for shade, hedges, windbreaks, and ornament. In India, people have grown it for over 2,500 years. It also has religious value and grows near temples.

Bees, flies, and wind pollinate the flowers. The purple fruit has an olive-like shape and juicy flesh. Its taste varies between trees and can be mildly sour. Some fruit tastes bitter and leaves the mouth feeling dry. People eat it fresh or use it in cooked dishes. These include jams, jellies, tarts, and puddings. The fruit also supplies juice and sherbet. Soaking fruit in salt water before cooking can reduce astringency. Dried, ground seeds provide a coffee-like drink.

This tree suits tropical and subtropical growing conditions. It prefers sun but tolerates some shade, most of all when young. It grows on many soils, including shallow, rocky sites. Established plants can withstand six to seven months of dry weather. Young plants need moist soil, even when grown in shade. Frost can cause serious damage. Temperatures near 30°F [−1°C] can kill young growth. Mature growth may die at 28°F [−2°C] or below. Fresh seed can sprout within two to four weeks. Growers also use grafting and air-layering.

The bark supplies tannins and a brown dye. Its wood serves in building, boat work, furniture, and tool handles. The wood resists termites and lasts well in water. Traditional medicine uses the fruit, seeds, and bark. Reported uses include digestive complaints and blood sugar control. These reports do not establish safe or effective home treatments. Useful Tropical Plants lists no known hazards for this species. It also flags weed potential, which matters when choosing a planting site.