Tilia platyphyllos aka Linden

Tilia platyphyllos is known as bigleaf linden or broad-leaved lime. This large tree belongs to the mallow family, Malvaceae. Its native range spans central and southern Europe into southwest Asia. It grows in lowlands and on lower hills. It sheds its leaves each year and forms a dense crown. Garden trees reach 60–80 feet (18.3–24.4 m) tall. Their spread can reach 30–50 feet (9.1–15.2 m). RHS reports heights up to 131 feet (40 m). Sources describe its shape as pyramidal or broadly upright.

Young trees have smooth gray bark that cracks with age. The reddish-brown shoots bear hairs and pointed buds. Leaves grow in an alternate pattern along the stems. Each heart-shaped leaf has an uneven base and toothed edge. Leaves reach about five inches long, with pointed tips. Their upper faces are dark green, while the undersides look paler. White hairs gather along the veins beneath each leaf. Fall leaves turn yellow or yellow-green, without a strong display.

Small, pale yellow flowers hang in loose, sweet-scented clusters. They bloom in June, extending into early July in some places. Each cluster has a leaf-like bract beside the flowers. Their nectar draws bees, butterflies, moths, wasps, and flies. Small, ribbed nutlets ripen toward the end of summer. These gray fruits hold one to three seeds each.

Grow this tree in sun or part shade. It prefers deep, fertile soil that stays moist but drains well. It accepts several soil types and a wide pH range. Give it shelter from cold winds and room for its crown. Sources rate it USDA zones 3–7 and UK hardiness H6. It tolerates drought, salt spray, urban sites, and heavy pruning. Use it for shade, street planting, or a large hedge. Basal suckers may need removal. Its wood serves for carving, instruments, and other small items. Inner bark supplies fibre for rope, baskets, cloth, and paper.

Aphids, scale, Japanese beetles, and other leaf pests may attack. Hot, dry weather can bring spider mites. Mildew, leaf spots, canker, and sooty mould may occur. Root rot and honey fungus are further risks. Rare cases of verticillium wilt can kill the tree. Young leaves can be eaten raw, and flowers serve for tea. Spring sap can provide a drink or syrup. PFAF warns that old tea flowers may cause narcotic-like effects. Its reports of medicinal use do not establish treatment safety.