Vitis labrusca aka Concord Grape

Vitis labrusca, or fox grape, is a woody, deciduous vine. It belongs to the grape family, Vitaceae. Its native range spans southeastern Canada and the eastern United States. It grows along woodland edges and in thickets. These sites may have wet or dry soil. Tendrils let it climb trees or spread across low shrubs. Garden plants reach about 20 feet (6.1 metres) tall and wide. Longer vines can reach 40 feet (12.2 metres).

Older stems have rough bark that peels in narrow strips. The trunks and branches twist as they age. Deep green leaves have an oval to heart-shaped outline. Most have three lobes, though their shape varies. Woolly hairs cover the undersides, ranging from white to rusty brown. Each stem node bears one leaf. Tendrils or flowers grow opposite the leaves. The small, greenish flowers bloom from May to June. They have a scent but make little visual impact.

The vine pollinates itself and produces showy bunches of fruit. Grapes can reach about 0.8 inches across. Their musky scent and taste do not suit everyone. People eat the fruit fresh or dry it for storage. They also use it in pies and preserves. Young leaves can be cooked as greens or food wrappers. Young tendrils can be eaten raw or cooked. Sap and seed oil also have food uses. PFAF reports no known hazards, but does not establish pet safety.

Grow fox grape in full sun with moderate water. More sun helps the fruit develop greater sweetness. Deep loam rich in humus gives good growing conditions. The vine also accepts ordinary garden soil with good drainage. Choose shelter from winter winds and avoid frost pockets. Late spring frost can harm new growth. Missouri Botanical Garden lists USDA hardiness zones 5–8. Fruit crops need firm supports, training, and regular pruning. Its high upkeep also includes treatments for pests and disease.

Large leaves, fruit, and some fall color add garden interest. Bare, twisted stems remain visible through winter. Supported vines can shade arbors or screen fences and walls. Cut woody stems can be woven into wreaths. Leaves also yield a yellow dye. Humid summers favor black rot, anthracnose, and mildew. Crown gall and bunch rot can also occur. Pests include phylloxera, grape berry moth, and Japanese beetles. Birds eat the grapes and can reduce harvests. Deer may eat shoots, leaves, and fruit.