Xanthoceras sorbifolium

Xanthoceras sorbifolium, or yellowhorn, is a shrub or small tree. It belongs to the soapberry family, Sapindaceae, and drops its leaves each year. Its native range runs from northern and east-central China to Korea. Wild plants grow on rocky hills and mountain slopes. They also form thickets on shaded slopes in dry areas.

Its size depends on its form and growing conditions. Shrubs may reach 8–10 feet (2.4–3 metres) tall. Tree forms reach 20–25 feet (6.1–7.6 metres). RHS gives a smaller height range of 8–13 feet (2.5–4 metres). Reported widths range from 5–25 feet (1.5–7.6 metres). Growth is slow, and maturity can take 10–20 years. Plants grow upright, with a spreading or bushy shape. Stems may be brown, copper-toned, or reddish. Glossy green leaves sit in turn along the stems. Each pinnate leaf has 9–17 narrow leaflets with toothed edges. The leaves can reach one foot (0.3 metres) long. They last into late fall and may turn yellow.

White flowers open in spring, with May reported by Missouri Botanical Garden. Each star-shaped bloom has five petals and spans about an inch. The yellow centre turns dark red as the flower ages. Flowers grow in upright clusters called racemes and attract bees. Their scent and shape also suit cut-flower use. Green fruit follows the bloom and adds interest to the plant. The round or pear-shaped capsules resemble buckeyes. Each holds pea-sized seeds with a purple-brown coat. The plant also draws songbirds to the garden.

Grow yellowhorn in full sun and soil that drains well. It prefers loam but tolerates several soil types and pH levels. It can cope with some shade, damp soil, and drought. Warm summers help the wood mature and support flower-bud growth. Shelter protects young shoots from cold winds and late frost. Sources place it in USDA zones 4–7 and RHS class H7. Use it alone, in small groups, or behind a flower border. It also fits gardens near patios and smaller outdoor spaces.

Care needs are low, and serious pest problems are uncommon. Leaf spot and coral spot fungus can occur. Flowers form on old wood, so prune after flowering. Flowers and leaves are eaten cooked, often boiled. Seeds are also cooked; one method uses husked, ground seeds. PFAF reports no known hazards, but this does not prove pet safety.