Capsicum aka Pepper

Capsicum, a genus of flowering plants in the Solanaceae family, is native to the Americas and grown worldwide for its chili pepper or bell pepper fruit. One type of Capsicum is the Habanero pepper, which produces large, wrinkled fruits that start off lime green and mature to orange and fiery red. These peppers are 5 x 3cm in size and have a very hot, spicy flavor, with a Scoville rating of 250-350,000 SHU. They can be harvested from July to October. Capsicum annuum, another species within the genus, is commonly cultivated in southern North America and northern South America. It encompasses a wide variety of pepper shapes and sizes, ranging from mild to hot, including bell peppers, jalapeños, New Mexico chile, and cayenne peppers. Cultivars descended from wild American bird peppers can still be found in warmer regions of the Americas. Although the species name suggests it is an annual plant, Capsicum annuum is actually frost tender and can survive multiple seasons in the absence of winter frosts, growing into a large, shrubby perennial herb. The plant produces off-white flowers and has a densely branched stem that can reach up to 60 cm (24 in) in height. The fruit of Capsicum annuum are berries that come in various colors when ripe, such as green, yellow, orange, or red. While the species can tolerate most frost-free climates, it thrives in warm and dry environments.