Chloroxylon is a genus of trees in the rue family (Rutaceae), within the order Sapindales. The genus is now generally treated as containing a single species, Chloroxylon swietenia, commonly known as Ceylon satinwood or East Indian satinwood. It is a tropical hardwood tree with rough, spongy outer bark and produces very tough, durable timber that has a characteristic unpleasant smell. The wood is highly valued for veneer, inlays, fine furniture, and other specialty applications. Along with the West Indian satinwood (Zanthoxylum flavum), it is considered one of the original satinwoods. Populations have declined significantly due to overexploitation for timber.
Etymology
The genus name Chloroxylon derives from the Greek χλωρὸν ξύλον (chloron xylon), meaning "green wood." This is reflected in the common name "satinwood," which refers to the lustrous quality of the timber.
Distribution
Chloroxylon swietenia is native to southern India, Sri Lanka, and Madagascar. It occurs in tropical dry forests and scrublands within its native range.
Conservation
Populations of Chloroxylon swietenia have declined due to overexploitation for its valuable timber. The tree has been heavily harvested for its satinwood, which is prized in cabinetry and veneer work.
Taxonomy Notes
Wikipedia sources contain a conflict: the genus article lists two species (C. swietenia and C. faho, the latter called Madagascar satinwood), while the species article for C. swietenia states it is the "sole species in the genus." GBIF records 3 descendant taxa under the genus. Modern treatments tend to treat Chloroxylon as monotypic, with C. faho either recognized as a separate species by some authorities or synonymized under C. swietenia by others.
