Agave angustifolia aka Mescal Agave

Agave angustifolia is an evergreen succulent from Mexico and Central America. It belongs to the Asparagaceae family and is called espadín. It grows as a large rosette and forms clumps. Garden plants reach about 5–8 feet [1.5–2.5 metres] tall and wide. The leafy rosette alone can span 6.6 feet [2 metres]. Plants may take 10–20 years to reach full size.

Most plants lack a clear stem above the ground. Some grow a short stem to 2 feet [0.6 metres]. Mature rosettes hold about 40–70 leaves. Each leaf can reach 2–3.3 feet [0.6–1 metre] long. The stiff leaves are narrow, with green or grey-green surfaces. Small teeth line their edges, and sharp spines end their tips. These leaves give the plant a bold shape in gardens.

After years of growth, the plant sends up a branching flower stalk. This can rise 8–16 feet [2.5–5 metres] above ground. It carries small flowers in shades of yellow and green. The main rosette dies once it has flowered. Young plants around its base can grow on in its place. Gardeners can raise new plants from seed or these offsets. Spring and autumn are suitable times to remove offsets.

Grow this agave in full sun with shelter from harsh conditions. It suits sandy or loamy soil that drains well. Acid or neutral soil is suitable. In pots under glass, use cactus compost. Water well during growth, but keep it nearly dry in winter. It resists drought, yet needs protection from freezing. The RHS rates it H2, for cool but frost-free conditions. In Britain, plants can spend summer on a patio. They need a greenhouse or conservatory for winter. No pruning is needed. Scale insects may occur, though diseases are not a usual problem.

People grow this species for food, fibre, and mezcal production. They boil its flowers and buds before eating them. Slow baking sweetens the young flower stalk and trimmed plant heart. Leaf fibre supplies rope, bags, and saddle blankets. Leaves also serve as thatch, while leaf bases make brushes. Traditional remedies use the roots, leaves, and stems. These uses do not make raw plants safe to eat. The plant can irritate skin and harms dogs and cats if eaten. Wear gloves and protective clothing when handling its spiny leaves.