Cananga odorata aka Ylang Ylang

Cananga odorata, or ylang-ylang, is an evergreen tropical tree. It belongs to the custard apple family, Annonaceae. Its native range runs from southern Indochina to Queensland. This includes Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, and Papua New Guinea. It grows in moist forests and also in teak forests. In Vietnam, it grows along forest edges and in regrowth.

The tree grows fast and has a loose, upright form. A garden size is about 66 feet (20 metres) tall. Its spread can reach 23 feet (7 metres). Larger trees reach about 100 feet (30 metres) in humid tropical climates. The trunk grows straight and can reach one foot (0.3 metres) across. Long, leafy branches hang down from the crown. These sprays can reach 10–20 feet (3–6 metres) long. The tree keeps its leaves through the year.

The flowers have long petals and a strong scent. They open green, then turn yellow as they age. Flowers may appear through most of the year. Chicago Botanic Garden lists blooms from May through August, then November through December. In the Philippines, moths pollinate the flowers. The scent peaks near sunrise. Birds and bats visit the fruit. This helps explain its use in rainforest restoration in Australia.

Ylang-ylang grows best in warm, humid lowland sites. It prefers rich, moist soil that drains well. Sandy, loamy, and clay soils can all suit it. It prefers acid to near-neutral soil but tolerates a wider pH range. Give outdoor trees sun or light shade. Container plants need bright indirect light and high humidity. Their soil should not dry out. Sources list USDA zones 9–11, but the tree is frost tender. Temperatures of 41°F (5°C) or below may kill it. It withstands strong winds but not coastal exposure.

Gardeners grow it for shade, scent, and as a specimen. It also suits large containers and conservatories. Its flower oil supplies scent for perfumes and soaps. Food makers use the oil in sweets, drinks, and baked goods. These uses do not establish that all parts are edible. Flowers and oil also have reported traditional medicinal uses. The tree supplies wood and fibre. It has escaped gardens and become naturalised in some places. The sources name no specific pests or diseases. They report no known hazards, but do not establish pet safety.