Copaifera multijuga aka Brazilian Copaiba

Copaifera multijuga is an evergreen tree in the pea family, Fabaceae. Its native range runs from western Brazil to northern Bolivia. It grows in wet tropical forests. Common names include copaiba and Hayne oil. People harvest wild trees for their useful resin. This species is one of several trees that supply copaiba balsam.

The tree grows slowly and can reach 66 feet [20 metres]. Its spread can also reach 66 feet [20 metres]. It keeps its leaves throughout the year. Inside the trunk, pockets hold an oily resin called oleoresin. Workers tap the trunk or drill holes to collect it. Fresh resin starts clear, thin, and without colour. Air makes it darker and thicker. Harvesting the resin does not require cutting down the tree.

This tree needs the warmth and high humidity of the moist tropics. Temperatures should not fall much below 55°F [13°C]. Plants For A Future lists USDA zones 10–12. It prefers shade and sandy soil that drains well. It also grows in loam and can cope with poor soil. Suitable soil ranges from mildly acid to mildly alkaline. The same source reports tolerance of dry soil and drought. These tolerances sit alongside its need for humid air. It can fix nitrogen, and growers can raise it from seed. Firm softwood cuttings offer another way to grow new plants.

Resin gives this tree much of its practical value. Reported annual yields reach about 40 litres from one tree. Some trees may yield as much as 55 litres. People use the resin in perfumes, soaps, and other cosmetics. It helps hold scent in perfume blends. It also goes into varnish and lacquer. Trials in Brazil have explored growing trees for resin fuel. These uses make it a forest crop rather than just a timber source.

The resin has a long history in South American traditional medicine. Indigenous peoples used it before Europeans arrived. Later users adopted it for chest and urinary complaints. These records describe traditional uses, not proof of safe treatment. Small amounts also serve as flavouring in food and drinks. Plants For A Future reports US approval for this food-additive use. Both horticultural sources list no known hazards. That does not establish safety for every use or dose.