Crataegus aestivalis aka Mayhaw

Crataegus aestivalis, or eastern mayhaw, belongs to the rose family. This deciduous hawthorn comes from the southeastern United States. Its range runs from Virginia south to Florida and west to Mississippi. It grows in wet woods, shallow ponds, and seasonal swamps. Other sites include stream banks, floodplains, and some uplands.

Mayhaw forms a large shrub or a small tree. Its rounded crown can spread wide, with crooked, thorny branches. Reported heights range from 10–40 feet [3–12.2 metres]. The main account gives 30–40 feet [9.1–12.2 metres]. Mature spread reaches 35–40 feet [10.7–12.2 metres]. Thin gray bark splits into narrow scales on older stems. Long, straight thorns make the branches hard to handle. The simple leaves grow in an alternate pattern. They are dark green above, with red-brown tones beneath. Oval or wedge-shaped leaves often have three lobes and toothed edges.

White flowers open from March to May. Each has five petals and grows alone or in small groups. Some people like their scent; others find it unpleasant. The flowers offer nectar to pollinators and draw butterflies. Red, fleshy pomes ripen in June and July. They measure about half an inch to one inch across. Their flesh tastes tart, though some fruit has sweetness. People eat the fruit raw or cooked, or dry it. The crop also goes into jelly, preserves, and pies. Each fruit holds up to five fairly large seeds.

Full sun gives the best fruit crop and quality. Mayhaw also grows in part shade, but fruiting suffers. It prefers loam that holds moisture yet drains well. It also accepts clay, sand, and a broad pH range. Established plants cope with both wet ground and drought. This makes the species useful beyond its wet native sites. It tolerates exposed sites and air pollution. North Carolina State lists it for USDA zones 6–11.

Gardeners can grow mayhaw as a specimen or small shade tree. It also suits hedges, screens, shelterbelts, and bank planting. Its roots help protect soil from erosion. Several butterfly species use it as a larval host. Deer may browse its stems despite its listed deer resistance. Serious problems are few, though rust can occur. The thorns pose a physical hazard near paths. North Carolina State lists it as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. Plants For A Future reports no known hazards. Its hard, strong wood suits small tools, but has little commercial use.