Crataegus pinnatifida aka Chinese Haw

Crataegus pinnatifida, or Chinese hawthorn, is a deciduous tree in the rose family. Its native range spans the Russian Far East and northern and eastern China. It grows about 15–23 feet [4.6–7 metres] tall. Its crown spans 10–23 feet [3–7 metres]. The tree has an upright, open form and a moderate growth rate. It bears few thorns, and these are short.

Thin, pale gray bark splits into narrow scales on older stems. Several stems can form a framework of fine, zigzag branches. The smooth stems lack hairs. Green leaves grow in an alternate pattern along the branches. Each simple leaf has five to nine lobes and toothed edges. Leaves range from oval to wedge-shaped. They turn red to burgundy before falling in autumn.

White, cup-shaped flowers open from April to May in broad clusters called corymbs. Each flower measures about 0.06 feet [0.02 metres] across. Their scent can be unpleasant, though fresh blooms may smell sweeter. Midges act as the main pollinators. Round, pale red pomes ripen in autumn and draw birds. The fruit has a mealy flesh with tart and slightly bitter notes. People eat it fresh, cook it, or dry it for storage. It also goes into pies, preserves, and Chinese sweet-and-sour sauces.

Choose full sun for the best fruit crop. The tree also grows in part shade, but light affects fruit yield. It prefers moist loam that drains well. It accepts sand, heavy clay, and acidic, neutral, or alkaline soil. Established trees cope with drought and very moist ground. They also tolerate wind and air pollution. The species suits USDA zones 5–9 and needs little upkeep. Seed-grown trees may take five to eight years to fruit. Grafted trees can flower well in their third year.

Use this tree in woodland gardens, borders, or hedges. Its flowers supply nectar, and its leaves feed butterfly larvae. Gray hairstreak larvae use it as a host. Red-spotted purple and viceroy larvae use it less often in North Carolina. NC State reports no major pest or disease problems. It also lists the plant as non-toxic to cats, dogs, and horses. The wood is dense, hard, and tough, but has little market value.