Dryopteris intermedia aka Intermediate Woodfern

Dryopteris intermedia is a perennial fern from eastern North America. Common names include intermediate wood fern and evergreen woodfern. Its native range reaches from Newfoundland south to Georgia. It extends west to Minnesota and Missouri. This species belongs to the Dryopteridaceae family. It forms a clump rather than spreading across the ground.

Garden plants reach 1.5–3 feet (0.46–0.91 metres) tall. They grow 2–3 feet (0.61–0.91 metres) wide. RHS gives an upper height and spread of 3.3 feet (1 metre). The fronds rise upright, then curve outward from the clump. Their green blades have an oval to narrow triangular outline. Deep divisions give the leaves a fine, lace-like look. Small teeth edge the narrow leaflets. Tiny glands occur on the blades. Light brown scales cover the leaf stalks. Each stalk makes up about one-quarter to one-third of its frond.

The foliage stays green through mild winters. In colder sites, it may lose some or all leaves. This fern has no flowers or fruit. It reproduces through spores, and gardeners can also divide established clumps. Its growth rate is moderate. Plants take about five to ten years to reach full size. The leaves provide interest through winter where they remain green.

Grow it in partial to deep shade, away from strong winds. Wind can damage the fronds. It prefers rich soil that stays moist but drains well. Loam and clay both suit it when drainage is good. Acid to neutral soil fits its needs. Mulch helps the ground hold moisture. It can cope with brief dry spells and somewhat dry slopes. That tolerance does not replace its preference for steady moisture. Sources give USDA zones 3–8, though some list only 5–8. RHS rates its UK hardiness as H5.

Use this fern in woodland beds, shaded borders, or native gardens. It also suits containers, rock gardens, and planting beneath shrubs. Groups can fill shaded areas beside walls or buildings. Its arching leaves provide a fine texture among other plants. Care needs are low, and serious pest or disease problems are uncommon. Rabbits tend to leave it alone, and deer seldom damage it. Remove dead or damaged fronds when needed. Where leaves die back, clear them before new spring growth.