Euonymus occidentalis aka Western Burningbush

Euonymus occidentalis is known as western burning bush or western wahoo. It belongs to the Celastraceae family. Its native range runs from Vancouver Island to central California. It also grows in Washington and Oregon. This western North American shrub lives in a temperate climate. Wild plants grow in woods, canyons, and shaded stream banks. It can be hard to find, even within its range.

This shrub forms a mound and can become a small tree. Garden heights range from 6–20 feet [1.8–6.1 metres]. Its spread reaches 10–20 feet [3–6.1 metres]. It branches low and grows at a moderate rate. NC State calls it deciduous, though its trait table lists evergreen leaves. The thin green leaves are oval, with toothed edges. Their bases taper, and some edges curl underneath. Slender, smooth branches stand upright and may climb. Young stems have four angles but lack corky wings. Green twigs turn brown as they age. Pale, pointed buds sit beside light-colored leaf scars. Thin bark ranges from greenish brown to reddish brown. Shallow splits run along its length.

Small flowers appear from March through August. They grow in groups on long stalks. Each flower has five rounded petals around a nectar disc. Petals mix pink, brown, and white, with fine speckles. Pink or purple capsules provide a fall display. Each rounded capsule has three swollen lobes. It splits open to show brown seeds with red arils. Birds and small mammals eat the fruit and seeds. The plant also draws butterflies and other pollinators.

Grow it in sun or partial shade, with moist soil. Sandy loam suits it, but it also accepts clay. It tolerates some drought and wet soil to a degree. Good drainage remains part of its preferred growing conditions. Acidic to neutral soil suits its needs. NC State lists USDA zones 8–10 and tolerance to 5°F. Woodland gardens and streamside sites match its natural setting. It can serve as a hedge, border, or specimen. Care needs are low, but several pests and diseases occur. These include scale, anthracnose, powdery mildew, and crown gall.

Do not treat its wildlife food value as human edibility. Many plant parts are poisonous to people. It also poisons dogs, cats, and horses. Eating it can cause vomiting, diarrhea, pain, and weakness. Large amounts may disrupt heart rhythm or cause severe illness.