Galeopsis segetum aka Downy Hemp Nettle

Galeopsis segetum is also known as downy hemp nettle. It belongs to the mint family, Lamiaceae. This annual grows to about 2 feet [0.6 metres]. It is native to western Europe, which includes Britain. Plants For A Future places it from Denmark to Germany and Spain. The RHS also lists Britain and Ireland as its native range. It grows in fields, meadows, and ground that people have disturbed.

The plant blooms from July to October. Each flower has both male and female organs. Bees carry pollen between the flowers. The plant is also self-fertile: its own pollen can help it set seed. Its long bloom season spans summer and part of autumn. The accounts give no facts about leaf shape or fruit. They do not describe the stems or how they branch.

Downy hemp nettle grows in many types of soil. These include sand, loam, and clay. The soil can be slightly acid, neutral, or slightly alkaline. It prefers moist soil and grows in sun or part shade. Heavy shade does not suit it. It can grow in several garden settings with suitable light and moisture. The sources give no hardiness rating or lowest winter temperature. Its one-year life cycle is still the clearest guide to its growth habit.

Some gardeners grow this species in wild gardens. The sources also list meadows and beds where people grow plants. Bees can forage at its flowers. Sow seed in spring where the plants will grow. Seeds tend to sprout within about a month. The evidence gives no further plan for its care. It names no pests or diseases for this species. Plants For A Future does not flag it as weedy.

Plants For A Future lists no known edible uses. It notes past use of the flowering plant as medicine. People used it in remedies for coughs and other breathing problems. The account lists astringent effects, which draw tissues tight. It also lists diuretic effects, which increase urine flow. It notes mild expectorant effects, which help clear mucus. The account also notes use in homeopathy. These records do not show that home treatment is safe. The source gives no confirmed report of poisoning by this species. It warns that reports link other members of the genus to poisoning. This warning does not prove that this plant has the same effects. The evidence lists no other uses.