Ilex mitis aka Cape Holly

Ilex mitis, or Cape holly, is an evergreen tree. It belongs to the holly family, Aquifoliaceae. It is native to tropical and southern Africa, plus Madagascar. It grows by rivers and streams, and in damp woods. It also grows in mountain forests. Wild trees grow from sea level to about 10,335 feet [3,150 metres]. It has a broad range and remains widespread. Its reported 2018 IUCN status is Least Concern. This is despite local losses linked to human acts.

The tree has a rounded crown and a straight trunk. Its usual reported height is about 33–82 feet [10–25 metres]. Some trees reach 131 feet [40 metres]. The trunk can be short and about 2 feet [0.6 metres] across. Glossy leaves and bright red fruit make it a valued garden tree. Its white flowers have a sweet scent. Bees visit them, and the tree supplies nectar for honey. Male and female flowers grow on separate trees. The tree cannot set seed with its own pollen.

Cape holly suits tropical and subtropical climates. The source records growth at 27–93°F [−3–34°C]. This does not set a garden hardiness zone. It grows best in rich soil that stays moist but drains well. Soil with a mild acid level suits it best. Growth can be quite fast. Yearly height gains can reach near 2.6 feet [0.8 metres]. The tree copes with pruning, lopping, and pollarding. These involve cuts to trim growth, remove limbs, or cut back upper branches. Fresh seed can grow new trees. Seeds may sprout at uneven times, but shoots may emerge within 8–20 days. Cover sown seed with a thin layer of soil. Keep it moist throughout.

People use the wood to make furniture and for building work. They also make mortars and pestles from it. Its close grain makes it useful, as does ease of working. Short trunks can limit board length. Leaves rubbed in water form a lather for washing. Bark also supplies ingredients for skin creams and lotions sold in shops. Folk remedies use bark for bowel and skin problems. These records show uses, not proof that the treatments work.

Reports note that people sometimes eat the small fruit. They also note boiled bark and roots. These were likely for medicine rather than food. The supplied evidence does not show safety for people or pets. It gives no specific reports of toxic effects for this species. This lack of reports does not mean eating it is safe. The supplied evidence names no pests or diseases specific to this species.