Juniperus deppeana aka Checker Bark Juniper

Juniperus deppeana is an evergreen tree in the cypress family. Its common names include alligator juniper and checker-barked juniper. It grows from Arizona and New Mexico to western Texas. Its range extends south into northern and central Mexico. It grows on dry mountain slopes in open oak or pine woods. It also occurs in desert and dry shrubland.

In gardens, it reaches about 20–40 feet [6–12 metres]. Larger trees can reach 55–65 feet [17–20 metres]. Growth is slow, and trees can live a long time. A short, stout trunk supports a dense, broad crown. The crown can grow uneven as some branches die. Sometimes one side of a stem dies while the other grows. Mature bark forms dark gray blocks with deep, almost black cracks. This pattern gives the tree its alligator name. Young branches have scaly bark, and older twigs turn reddish brown.

The blue-green leaves stay on the tree all year. Most are small, sharp scales pressed close to the twig. Opposite pairs form four rows around each slender, angular twig. Some leaves have an awl shape and point outward. A pale resin dot may mark the leaf's back. The foliage has a scent. Male and female cones grow on separate trees. Small male cones are pale yellow; female cones are pale green. Wind carries pollen during the February to March bloom period. Both sexes must grow nearby for seed production. Round, berry-like cones turn reddish brown with a pale coating. Each holds three to five seeds and matures over two growing seasons.

Plant this tree in full sun in a hot, dry site. It accepts sand, loam, or clay when water drains well. It prefers neutral or slightly alkaline soil and tolerates lime. Sources place it in USDA zones 7–9. Cool, wet conditions in western Britain can limit its growth. Garden uses include screens and specimen trees. It attracts wildlife and can form a woodland garden canopy. Its soft, brittle wood serves mainly as fence posts and fuel. Trees may send up strong shoots from their base or stump.

The fleshy cones are edible raw or cooked. Their sweet flesh can feel dry and mealy. Quality varies, and resin can give them a harsh taste. Cooking does not remove that resin. Dried cones can provide meal for cakes or mush. PFAF lists no known hazards or medicinal uses. This does not establish safety for pets. The supplied sources name no specific pests or diseases.