Malus angustifolia aka Southern Crab Apple

Malus angustifolia, or southern crabapple, belongs to the rose family. It is native to the central and eastern United States. Its range includes Florida, Texas, New Jersey, and southern Illinois. It grows in pine woods, mixed woods, and thickets. It also grows along river banks and woodland edges. Some states list it as threatened or of concern. Habitat loss and poor seed renewal affect these populations.

This deciduous shrub or small tree grows 20–30 feet (6.1–9.1 metres) tall. Its spreading branches form an open, rounded crown. Some trees have a twisted trunk and low branches. Root suckers can form thickets around the parent tree. Short spur shoots may look like thorns. The gray or brown bark has narrow, scaly ridges. Young twigs turn reddish brown to gray as they age. Leaves grow alternately and measure 1–3 inches long. They have blunt tips and wavy, toothed edges. Young leaves bear hairs, while mature leaves have pale undersides. The leaves turn yellow in fall.

Pink flowers open in clusters from April to May. Each flower has five separate, broad petals. Their scent recalls violets, and their pollen feeds bees. Small, yellow-green apples follow on long stalks. These sour pomes measure about three-quarters to one inch across. Fruit appears from August to September. Birds eat the apples, as do squirrels, rabbits, and deer. Young trees may start bearing within three or four years. Crops can become large by six or seven years.

Give this tree sun and moist soil that drains well. It accepts part shade, but shade reduces fruiting. Fertile loam suits it, though it also grows in heavy clay. Slightly acid soil is preferred; neutral soil is also suitable. It grows in USDA zones 4–9 and has a moderate growth rate. Pruning can remove suckers and branches that cross or rub. Woodland borders, native gardens, and meadows suit its open form. Falling apples can be a nuisance near paths or lawns.

The hard, heavy wood serves for tool handles and small objects. The fruit is edible raw or cooked, but tastes harsh. People use it for jelly, preserves, and cider. Flowers are edible in moderation, but contain compounds that can release cyanide. This caution matters when considering the flowers as food. PFAF records no known medicinal uses for this species.