Polygonatum odoratum aka Solomon's Seal

Polygonatum odoratum is known as fragrant or angular Solomon's seal. It belongs to the asparagus family, Asparagaceae. Its native range runs from Europe across Asia to Japan. It also grows wild in Britain and Ireland. This herbaceous perennial grows on shaded slopes and in woods. It sheds its leaves each year and spreads through rhizomes.

Garden plants often reach 1.5–2 feet (0.46–0.61 metres) tall. Some size listings reach about 3.3 feet (1 metre). Spread ranges from about 0.3–1.6 feet (0.1–0.5 metres). Each stem rises alone from a rhizome and arches outward. The stems have angles rather than a round cross-section. They do not branch. Each bears eight to seventeen leaves in an alternate pattern. The leaves are oval to long-oval, with veins running lengthwise. They reach about 0.33 feet (0.1 metres) long. The foliage turns yellow in autumn before it dies back.

Fragrant flowers hang below the stems in April and May. They grow from the points where leaves join the stems. Each point bears one flower or a pair. The flowers form small tubes with green tips and creamy-white sides. Their hanging shape contrasts with the upright leaves above them. Both the flowers and foliage have value in garden displays. Cut stems can also supply foliage for flower arrangements.

Choose fertile soil rich in humus that drains well. Keep the soil moist for the best growth. Partial or full shade suits this plant well. Cool sites with patches of filtered sun give good results. Hot summer conditions can reduce its performance. The RHS also lists full sun as a suitable exposure. It accepts chalk, clay, loam and sand across the pH range. Sources list drought tolerance, though moist soil remains its preferred condition. Its hardiness ratings are USDA zones 3–8 and RHS H7. Thin rhizomes spread slowly and form colonies in good conditions.

Use it in woodland beds, shaded rock gardens or border fronts. It also suits planting beneath shrubs and roses. Divide plants in spring without breaking their fragile new shoots. Cut old growth down to ground level in late autumn. Serious pest and disease problems are uncommon. Slugs, snails, weevils and sawflies may attack it. Leaf spot and rust sometimes occur. Do not eat any part of this plant. It can cause discomfort in people and is toxic to dogs.