Polyscias scutellaria aka Dinnerplate Aralia

In its native tropical habitat, Polyscias scutellaria can reach 1.5-6 meters (5-20 feet) in height. As a houseplant, it typically grows to 1-2 meters (3-6 feet) tall with a spread of about 60-90cm (2-3 feet). This species has a slow growth rate and develops an upright, multi-stemmed shrub form with extensive branching. The plant responds well to pruning, which can be used to maintain a more compact shape.

Polyscias scutellaria thrives in warm temperatures between 18-24°C (65-75°F), which mirrors its tropical origins. The minimum temperature it can tolerate is around 10-15°C (50-60°F) - never allow temperatures to drop below this or you may see yellowed leaves, stunted growth, and leaf drop. Avoid placing the plant near cold drafts, air conditioning vents, or single-pane windows in winter, as sudden temperature changes can stress the plant and cause leaves to fall.

Polyscias scutellaria produces erect panicles composed of umbels of small greenish-white flowers during summer, followed by purple-black fruits. However, this species rarely flowers when grown as a houseplant outside of tropical regions. The plant needs optimal tropical conditions with high humidity and consistent warmth to bloom. For most indoor growers, the attractive rounded, glossy foliage is the main ornamental feature.

The most popular cultivar is Polyscias scutellaria 'Fabian', known for its compact habit, sturdy stem, and large glossy dark green leaves with distinctive purple-tinged undersides. New shoots emerge reddish before turning green. There is also a variegated form (Polyscias scutellaria f. variegata) featuring leaves with shades of green, cream, and purple. Variegated forms require brighter light conditions than the standard green-leaved variety to maintain their coloration.

Polyscias scutellaria can only grow outdoors year-round in USDA zones 11-12, where temperatures remain consistently warm. In these tropical and subtropical regions, it thrives in partial shade to filtered sunlight as an understory plant. In cooler climates, it must be grown as a houseplant or brought indoors when temperatures drop below 10-15°C (50-60°F). If you live in a borderline zone, you can move it outdoors during warm summer months but must protect it from direct afternoon sun and bring it back inside before temperatures cool.

Polyscias scutellaria responds well to pruning and benefits from regular tip pruning to encourage denser, bushier growth. Remove any dead, yellowing, or damaged leaves throughout the year. To control height or shape, cut back leggy stems - new growth will emerge from below the cut. The plant can be pruned at any time of year, though spring is ideal when active growth resumes. Use clean, sharp pruning shears to make clean cuts and minimize stress on the plant.

Repot your Polyscias scutellaria every 2 years or when it has outgrown its current container. This species actually grows best when slightly root-bound, so avoid overpotting. Choose a pot only one size larger than the current one, and ensure it has drainage holes to prevent waterlogging. Use a well-draining, acidic potting mix containing peat, perlite, and organic matter. The best time to repot is in spring at the start of the growing season. Avoid fertilizing freshly repotted plants for the first year.

The large, glossy leaves of Polyscias scutellaria benefit from regular cleaning to remove dust and maintain their attractive appearance. Wipe leaves gently with a damp cloth every few weeks, or give the plant a gentle shower at room temperature. Keeping leaves clean also helps the plant photosynthesize more efficiently and allows you to spot pests early. Avoid using commercial leaf shine products as they can clog the leaf pores.

Polyscias scutellaria is propagated through stem cuttings taken in spring or early summer. Take 10-15cm cuttings from healthy stems, dip the cut end in rooting hormone, and plant in moist potting soil or perlite. Cover with a plastic bag or propagation dome to maintain high humidity, and keep the soil consistently moist. Cuttings can also be rooted directly in water. Rooting typically takes several weeks - be patient as this slow-growing species takes time to establish roots. Once new growth appears, transplant to regular potting mix.

Yellow leaves on Polyscias scutellaria are most commonly caused by overwatering and root rot. Check the soil - if it feels waterlogged or smells musty, reduce watering and improve drainage. Underwatering can also cause yellowing, particularly of lower leaves, along with leaf curling. Other causes include cold temperatures below 15°C (60°F), insufficient light (this plant needs bright indirect light), or natural aging of older lower leaves. Check the roots for rot - healthy roots are white and firm, while rotted roots are brown and mushy.

Brown leaf tips and edges on Polyscias scutellaria typically indicate low humidity or dry air conditions. This tropical plant thrives at 50-60% humidity, which is higher than most homes provide. Increase humidity by misting regularly, using a humidifier, or placing the pot on a pebble tray with water. Brown crispy patches on leaves may indicate sunburn from direct sunlight - move the plant to bright indirect light. Some browning of older leaf tips is natural and simply the result of age.

Drooping leaves on Polyscias scutellaria are usually a sign of water stress - either too much or too little. Overwatering causes root rot, which prevents the roots from absorbing water, leading to wilting despite wet soil. Underwatering causes dehydration and wilting. Use the finger test: insert your finger 2-3cm into the soil to check moisture levels. Drooping can also result from sudden environmental changes like moving to a new location, temperature fluctuations, or exposure to cold drafts. Give the plant time to acclimate to new conditions.

Polyscias scutellaria is known for dropping leaves when stressed. Common causes include insufficient light (place within 1 meter of a bright window), cold drafts or sudden temperature changes, inconsistent watering, and low humidity. Some leaf drop is normal during acclimatization to a new environment. If you've recently moved or purchased the plant, give it a few weeks to adjust while maintaining consistent care. Avoid moving the plant frequently, as Polyscias is sensitive to environmental changes. Pest infestations, particularly spider mites, can also cause leaf drop.

Polyscias scutellaria is naturally a slow-growing plant, so don't expect rapid growth even under ideal conditions. However, if growth seems particularly stunted, check for insufficient light (this species needs bright indirect light), inadequate nutrients (feed monthly during spring and summer with diluted balanced fertilizer), being root-bound in too small a pot, or cold temperatures below 18°C (65°F). Root rot from overwatering can also severely limit growth. During winter, reduced growth is normal as the plant enters a semi-dormant period.

Polyscias scutellaria is relatively pest-resistant but can be affected by common houseplant pests, particularly in dry conditions. Spider mites are the most common problem, especially in low humidity - look for fine webbing and stippled yellowing leaves. Mealybugs, scale insects, and aphids may also appear. Treat infestations with insecticidal soap, neem oil, or by washing the plant with a strong spray of water. Root rot is the main disease concern, caused by overwatering and poor drainage. Ensure pots have drainage holes and let soil dry between waterings.

The young leaves of Polyscias scutellaria are edible and have been used traditionally in Southeast Asian and Pacific Island cuisine, particularly in Indonesian cooking where they are added to stews or used as cooked greens. The large bowl-shaped leaves have also been used as natural plates for serving food. However, it's important to note that while the leaves have traditional culinary uses in their native regions, the plant also contains saponins and other compounds that can be irritating if consumed raw or in large quantities. Always cook the leaves before eating.

Polyscias scutellaria has a long history of traditional medicinal use in Southeast Asia and the Pacific. The leaves and roots have been used as antiseptics and deodorants. In Indonesian traditional medicine, the plant is used for wound healing, as a diuretic when combined with parsley, to ease stomach discomfort, and to promote breast milk production in nursing mothers. Scientific research has confirmed the plant contains flavonoids, saponins, and polyphenols with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, and antidiabetic properties. The leaves contain vitamins A, B1, and C.

Beyond ornamental use as a houseplant or garden hedge, Polyscias scutellaria has several practical applications. The large, concave, bowl-shaped leaves have been traditionally used as natural plates and food serving vessels in Indonesia and Pacific Island cultures - the name 'mangkokan' in Indonesian literally means 'bowl-like.' The plant is also used as cattle fodder and as a fuel source in some regions. Its dense growth habit makes it excellent for hedging and screening in tropical gardens.