Prunus ilicifolia aka Hollyleaf Cherry

Prunus ilicifolia is an evergreen member of the rose family. Its common names include hollyleaf cherry and islay. Its native range runs from California into Baja California, Mexico. In California, it grows in parts of the northern coast ranges. Its range also includes central western and southwestern California. Kew places this species in the subtropical biome. It is not native to Britain, Ireland, or Oregon.

This dense plant forms a large shrub with several stems. On good sites, it can grow as a tree. Oregon State gives a shrub range of 3–25 feet [0.9–7.6 metres]. Virginia Tech describes plants reaching 20 feet [6.1 metres], with equal spread. Trees can reach 50 feet [15.2 metres] or more. These taller trees exceed the stated shrub range. The bark ranges from reddish brown to grayish brown. Young branches have lenticels, small marks on their surface. The slender twigs can have a slightly angled shape. Broken branches give off a bitter almond scent.

The thick, leathery leaves stay on the plant year-round. They grow in an alternate pattern along the stems. Each leaf is simple, with an oval to rounded blade. The upper face shines dark green; the lower face looks paler. Leaf edges may be smooth or bear sharp, holly-like teeth. Bases range from flat to heart-shaped. Leaf tips may form a point or a rounded end. These leaf traits help explain the plant's common name.

Small white to cream flowers open in spring. Each flower has five petals and both male and female parts. The flowers form racemes, or long clusters, which often stand upright. Clusters of fleshy drupes follow the flowers. Ripe fruit ranges from red to blue-black, with yellow fruit sometimes present. Each smooth-skinned fruit holds sweet flesh around a hard seed. Virginia Tech reports fall ripening, with fruit lasting into winter. The supplied sources do not establish food safety for the flesh or seed.

Grow this species in sun or partial shade. Give it soil that lets excess water drain away. Some plants may need summer watering. Oregon State lists hardiness to USDA Zone 9. Its dense form, glossy leaves, flowers, and fruit provide garden interest. The supplied accounts do not identify specific pests or diseases.