Solanum laxum aka Jasmine Nightshade

Solanum laxum is a vigorous, fast-growing climbing vine that can reach 6-9 metres (20-30 feet) in height and 1.5-2 metres (5-6 feet) in spread. It's capable of growing up to 3-4 metres in a single season under optimal conditions. The plant has woody twining stems that need support from a trellis, fence, or wall. It takes approximately 5-10 years to reach its ultimate height.

Solanum laxum is frost-tender and thrives in temperatures above 20°F (-6°C). In the UK, it's rated H4, tolerating temperatures down to -10°C to -5°C (14-23°F) in sheltered positions. The plant may die back to ground level in harsh winters but often regrows from the base in spring. In frost-prone areas, grow against a south or west-facing wall for protection, or move potted plants indoors for winter.

Solanum laxum benefits from fertile, rich soil but is not a heavy feeder. Apply a balanced slow-release fertilizer in spring when new growth begins. Container-grown plants may benefit from monthly liquid feeds during the growing season. Avoid over-fertilizing as this can promote excessive foliage growth at the expense of flowers. Mulching with compost in autumn provides both nutrients and winter protection for the roots.

Solanum laxum produces abundant star-shaped flowers from summer through autumn (July-September in the UK), with year-round blooming possible in mild climates. The flowers are white with yellow centres, less than 2.5cm across, and appear in terminal clusters of up to 20 blooms. They're sweetly scented with a jasmine-like fragrance, attracting hummingbirds and pollinators. After flowering, decorative blue-black berries may form in autumn, though these are toxic and inedible.

Solanum laxum produces sweetly scented flowers with a jasmine-like fragrance, which is reflected in its common name 'Jasmine Nightshade'. The white star-shaped blooms with yellow centres emit a pleasant, mild perfume that's most noticeable on warm summer evenings. This fragrance, combined with the abundant flower clusters, makes it an attractive choice for pergolas, patios, and areas where the scent can be enjoyed.

The most popular cultivar is Solanum laxum 'Album', which has pure white flowers and has received the RHS Award of Garden Merit. This variety is widely available and prized for its abundant, fragrant blooms. There's also Solanum laxum 'Album Variegatum', a variegated form with cream-edged leaves that adds foliage interest. The standard species may have flowers with a slight blue tinge, while the 'Album' cultivar produces pure white blooms.

Solanum laxum grows well outdoors in USDA zones 9-11 or UK hardiness zone H4. In cooler areas, plant against a south or west-facing wall for warmth and shelter. The vine needs support such as wires, trellis, or a sturdy fence. In areas with harsh winters, it may die back to ground level but typically regrows in spring. Mulch the base with compost or leaves in autumn to protect roots from frost. In very cold regions, consider growing in containers that can be moved indoors for winter.

Prune Solanum laxum in early spring before new growth begins to control size and maintain shape. The RHS classifies it as Pruning Group 12 (prune after flowering). Remove any dead, damaged, or frost-damaged stems. Tie in new growth regularly throughout the growing season as the vigorous stems develop. Avoid pruning in autumn as this can stimulate tender new growth vulnerable to winter damage. The plant may need pruning multiple times per year to keep it in check due to its fast growth rate.

Repot container-grown Solanum laxum every 2-3 years in spring when roots become congested. Choose a pot only slightly larger than the current one to avoid excessive soil moisture. Use a well-draining potting mix enriched with organic matter. The plant can be trained up an obelisk in a large container, which allows you to move it indoors during winter in cold climates. Ensure containers have adequate drainage holes to prevent waterlogging.

Solanum laxum is easily propagated from semi-hardwood cuttings taken in late summer or early autumn. Take 10-15cm cuttings from non-flowering stems, removing lower leaves and cutting just below a node. Dip in rooting hormone and plant in a moist propagation mix. Keep cuttings in a warm, bright location but out of direct sunlight. Rooting typically takes 4-6 weeks. Layering in summer is another effective method where low-growing stems are pegged to the ground and covered with soil until roots develop.

In spring, prune to shape and remove winter damage, then begin regular watering and feeding as growth resumes. During summer, tie in new growth, water regularly, and enjoy the abundant blooms. In autumn, reduce watering as growth slows and mulch the base heavily with compost or leaves for frost protection. Winter care involves protecting the roots with mulch, avoiding pruning, and bringing container plants indoors in cold areas. The plant is semi-evergreen and may lose some foliage in cold winters.

Solanum laxum is relatively trouble-free but can be affected by aphids and red spider mites, especially when grown under glass. Watch for glasshouse red spider mite in dry conditions. Diseases include Botrytis grey mould (particularly under cover), tomato spotted wilt virus, and southern bacterial wilt. Honey fungus can occasionally attack established plants. Good air circulation and avoiding overwatering help prevent fungal issues. The plant is notably deer-resistant, making it suitable for gardens where deer browsing is a problem.

Solanum laxum flowers are pollinated primarily by insects, particularly bees, and also attract hummingbirds with their sweet nectar. The star-shaped white flowers with prominent yellow stamens are designed to attract pollinators. Fruit set results in decorative blue-black berries containing 10-32 seeds each, which are dispersed by birds. However, these berries are toxic and should never be consumed by humans or pets.

Yellow leaves on Solanum laxum typically indicate overwatering or poor drainage, which can lead to root rot. Check that the soil drains well and reduce watering frequency. Nutrient deficiency, particularly nitrogen or iron, can also cause yellowing - apply a balanced fertilizer in spring. Cold damage may cause yellowing in winter. Spider mites can cause stippled yellowing on leaves; check undersides for tiny pests. Natural leaf drop of older lower leaves is normal as the plant focuses energy on new growth.

Drooping in Solanum laxum most commonly results from underwatering, especially during hot weather or when grown in containers. Check soil moisture and water thoroughly if dry. Conversely, waterlogged soil can cause root rot leading to wilting even when soil is wet. Extreme heat or sudden temperature changes can cause temporary wilting. Frost damage can cause stems to droop and collapse. Check for pests like aphids which can weaken plants when present in large numbers.