Toxicodendron vernicifluum aka Chinese Lacquer

Toxicodendron vernicifluum is a deciduous tree in the Anacardiaceae family. Common names include Chinese lacquer tree and Japanese lacquer tree. Its native range runs from northern Pakistan to Korea. It grows in woods and thickets on mountain slopes. Records place it around 3,940 feet [1,200 metres] above sea level. The older name, Rhus verniciflua, is a synonym.

The tree has a broad, spreading form. Garden size figures suggest about 39 feet [12 metres] tall. The RHS also describes trees reaching 49 feet [15 metres]. Its size table allows heights above 39 feet [12 metres]. Spread can exceed 26 feet [8 metres]. It takes about 10–20 years to reach mature size. Yellow-brown hairs cover the young shoots. Each pinnate leaf holds up to 13 glossy green leaflets. These turn red and yellow before falling in autumn.

Small yellow flowers hang in clusters during summer. Female trees then bear round fruits with a pale yellow skin. Its spreading crown gives the tree a strong garden outline. Autumn leaves add a further season of interest. Full sun brings out the best fall colour. The tree also accepts partial shade. Shelter from strong winds suits its growth.

Grow it in moist soil that drains well. It needs moderate soil fertility. It accepts chalk, clay, loam, and sand. Acid, neutral, and alkaline soils all suit it. The RHS rates its hardiness H6. This covers winter lows near -4 to 5°F [-20 to -15°C]. It needs little pruning and has few pest problems. Coral spot and verticillium wilt can still affect it. Growers can raise it from seed or semi-ripe cuttings.

The sap supplies lacquer used in Japanese art. Workers collect it by making cuts in the stem. The lacquer needs damp air to set and harden. Oil from the fruit also serves in candle making. PFAF records medicinal uses, but reports no known food use. The plant is toxic if eaten, including by dogs. Urushiols in all parts can cause severe skin reactions. Sap contact may lead to redness and blisters after a delay. Smoke from burning plants can also cause harm. Animals can carry irritating material from the plant onto people. Even old specimens can retain this risk. Wear gloves and protective clothing when handling or pruning it.