Veronica persica aka Bird's Eye

Veronica persica is an annual in the Plantaginaceae family. Gardeners know it as bird's-eye speedwell or common field speedwell. Its native range runs from the Caucasus to northern Iran. It has spread across much of North America. There, it grows in lawns, fields, gardens, and disturbed ground. Much of its growth comes in late winter and early spring.

This low plant forms spreading mats with raised stem tips. NC State gives heights of 0.33–0.67 feet [0.10–0.20 metres]. Its listed spread is 0.33–1 foot [0.10–0.30 metres]. RHS gives a broader upper size of 1.64 feet [0.5 metres] in both directions. Fine hairs cover the reddish stems. The green leaves are simple, oval, and slightly hairy. Short stalks hold them along the stems. Lower leaves grow in pairs; upper leaves alternate. Their edges have rounded or pointed teeth. RHS records leaves reaching about 0.07 feet [0.02 metres] long.

Small blue flowers grow singly from the leaf axils. Each has dark lines and a white centre. Long, thin, hairy stalks hold the flowers above the leaves. The blooms measure about 0.03 feet [0.008 metres] across. Their open shape can look like a saucer or star. NC State reports flowering from winter into early summer, depending on region. RHS records flowers throughout the year. Bees visit the blooms. The green fruit has a heart-like shape with two lobes. Each lobe holds five to ten seeds.

Grow this species in sun or part shade. It prefers moist, fertile soil that drains well. It also tolerates poor soil and some drought. Suitable soils include sand, loam, clay, and chalk. It accepts acid, neutral, and alkaline conditions. RHS rates its hardiness H5 for UK conditions. This covers winter lows from roughly −15 to −10°C. Plants need no pruning. Seeds or rooted stem pieces can produce new plants.

Its low cover and small flowers suit a wildflower meadow. Yet its ready seed production can make it troublesome. Both horticultural sources describe it as weedy. This matters where gardeners wish to keep lawns or beds clear. Aphids may attack the plant. RHS also lists downy mildew, fungal leaf spot, and fungal rot. Phytophthora and, at times, honey fungus may cause problems. The supplied sources give no evidence for food use or toxicity.