Artocarpus heterophyllus aka Jackfruit

Artocarpus heterophyllus, or jackfruit, is an evergreen tropical tree. It belongs to the mulberry family, Moraceae. Kew places its native range in southwest India. Other sources give a broader range toward the Malay Peninsula. It grows in rainforests and other evergreen forests. Growers raise it across the tropics for fruit and seeds. Southeast Asia and Brazil are major areas of cultivation.

This fast-growing tree has a straight trunk and broad crown. Its crown spreads in an uneven shape. Garden trees reach about 30–70 feet (9.1–21.3 metres) tall. Some trees reach 90 feet (27.4 metres). Its spread can reach 50 feet (15.2 metres). The bark is smooth and dark green. Its green leaves have a glossy, leathery surface. The trunk usually lacks buttresses, though small ones may form. Cut stems release latex.

Green flowers grow on short stalks along trunks and large branches. Chicago Botanic Garden reports blooms throughout the year. Insects and wind both help pollinate the flowers. The huge fruit also grows from trunks and large branches. Its rough, spiky skin encloses many fleshy parts and seeds. Fruits measure 1–3 feet (0.3–0.9 metres) long. Most weigh 10–35 pounds, though some reach 80 pounds. Large fruits may hold 100–500 seeds. The ripe flesh tastes sweet and has a strong smell. People eat it fresh or cook it. They cook young fruit as a vegetable. The seeds, leaves, flowers, and shoots also have food uses. The rind can yield jelly.

Jackfruit needs full sun and warm, humid air. It grows best in deep, rich, acidic soil with good drainage. Keep the soil evenly moist rather than dry. Sources describe its water needs as moderate. It prefers climates without a dry season but tolerates brief dry spells. Missouri Botanical Garden lists USDA zones 10–12. Frost-free sites suit it best. Young trees may die from any frost. Mature trees may survive a light frost. Temperatures below 28°F are beyond its stated tolerance.

Its size suits tropical gardens as a fruit or specimen tree. It may grow too large for containers in cooler climates. Farmers also use it for shade and mixed plantings. Its roots help limit soil loss. Other uses include wood, fuel, dyes, gum, and adhesives. Missouri Botanical Garden reports no major pest or disease problems. Plants For A Future lists no known hazards. That does not establish safety for every person or pet. It also records folk remedies using several plant parts. These reports do not prove that such treatments work or are safe.