Dalbergia retusa aka Cocobolo

Dalbergia retusa, or cocobolo, belongs to the pea family, Fabaceae. Its native range runs from Mexico south to Panama. This tree loses its leaves and grows at a slow pace. It occurs in moist tropical forests and moist foothill forests. Sources also place it in drier parts of the region. It grows beside roads and in small woods on farms.

The tree reaches about 66 feet [20 metres] in height. PFAF gives a similar figure for its spread. Its form varies from low and broad to tall and narrow. A straight, round trunk may branch near the ground. The trunk can reach about 1.3 feet [0.4 metres] across. Tall trees may have a longer, less spreading crown. Trees can flower throughout the year, and insects pollinate them.

For growing conditions, PFAF lists moist soil with good drainage. It accepts sandy soil, loam, and clay. Its stated pH range covers mild acidity through mild alkalinity. PFAF says it cannot grow in shade. The listed USDA hardiness range is zones 10–12. Root bacteria form nodules that help the tree use nitrogen from air. Some of that nitrogen can also support nearby plants. Reports describe many young trees in places with repeated fires.

Cocobolo has value as a timber tree, though usable pieces are often small. Its dark red heartwood has fine black lines. A thick band of pale sapwood surrounds this darker core. The wood has a fine texture and a slight scent. It is hard, heavy, strong, and durable against the soil. Workers find it hard to shape, but it takes a fine polish. Uses include furniture, tool handles, musical instruments, inlay, and small carved goods. The tree also makes compounds that act against bacteria, fungi, and algae.

Heavy timber cutting has reduced wild stands across its range. The loss has been severe in Costa Rica. Cattle ranching and burning also reduce its habitat. Useful Tropical Plants cites an Endangered assessment from 2009. That date matters when reading the reported conservation status. PFAF lists no known food or medicinal uses. Reports link its sawdust with poisoning among wood workers. This warning concerns wood dust, rather than a stated risk from touching live leaves.