Ficus religiosa aka Peepal Tree

Ficus religiosa is one of the easiest Ficus species to propagate vegetatively through cuttings. Take hardwood or softwood stem cuttings with at least two to three leaves and place them in well-draining, moist soil or even water. Softwood cuttings root particularly easily, while hardwood cuttings may rot in water. Cuttings typically develop roots within three to five weeks during the growing season. Air layering is another effective method for propagating thicker branches, especially for bonsai purposes. While the tree can be grown from seed, germination is extremely difficult and seeds have a short viability period of only a few months.

Ficus religiosa thrives outdoors in USDA hardiness zones 10-12, where it can be grown year-round. The tree is native to tropical and subtropical climates and requires warm temperatures between 60-85°F (15-29°C) with high humidity. It tolerates light freezing down to about 30°F (-1°C) for short periods, but sustained cold below this temperature can cause damage or death. The tree prefers full sun with at least 6 hours of direct sunlight daily and grows well in various soil types, though it performs best in deep, well-draining loamy soil. It's commonly planted as an ornamental in parks, near temples, and as a street tree in tropical regions.

Ficus religiosa thrives in warm temperatures between 60-85°F (15-29°C), with optimal growth occurring between 77-95°F (25-35°C). The tree can tolerate brief temperature fluctuations between 32-95°F (0-35°C), but growth diminishes beyond these limits. Mature plants can withstand light freezing down to about 30°F (-1°C) for short periods, though frost can cause leaf drop and damage. Young plants are more sensitive and require protection from cold. During winter, indoor specimens should be kept above 60°F (16°C) to prevent stress. The tree does not tolerate prolonged cold exposure and should never experience temperatures below 25°F (-4°C).

Ficus religiosa benefits from regular pruning to maintain desired size and shape, especially when grown as a bonsai or in containers. The tree's fast, rampant growth means it can quickly become large without pruning intervention. Pruning helps encourage bushier growth and desired crown formation, as the tree may not naturally produce rich branching. For bonsai cultivation, regular pruning is essential for maintaining miniature size and aesthetic form. When grown outdoors, pruning can control the tree's size and prevent it from overwhelming the landscape. Prune during the growing season using clean, sharp tools, and be aware that cut surfaces will exude milky latex sap.

Ficus religiosa grown in containers requires repotting every year due to its vigorous growth rate and tendency to become root-bound quickly. When the tree becomes root-bound, growth slows to a halt, making annual repotting necessary for continued healthy development. Signs that repotting is needed include roots showing on top of the soil or coming through drainage holes, and heavily compacted soil. The larger the container you choose, the larger your tree will grow. Use well-draining soil with a mixture of potting soil, sand, and compost. Repot during the growing season for best results, and be prepared for the tree to adapt to its new container.