Ficus rubiginosa aka Illawarra Fig

Ficus rubiginosa is an evergreen tree from eastern Australia. It belongs to the mulberry family, Moraceae. Common names include Port Jackson fig and rusty fig. It grows in monsoon forest, seasonal rainforest, and dry scrub. Wild plants occur up to 2,950 feet [900 metres] above sea level. Its broad, dense crown gives deep shade.

Garden trees reach about 26–39 feet [8–12 metres] tall. Their spread can exceed 26 feet [8 metres]. Wild trees may reach 164 feet [50 metres]. Tough sites keep the tree much smaller. The trunk can reach 6.6 feet [2 metres] across. Some trees form small buttresses at the base. Plants may start life on rocks or in another tree. Aerial roots grow down and thicken after reaching soil. These roots can surround the host, which may die.

The leaves are dark green, leathery, and oblong to oval. They reach about 6 inches [0.15 metres] long. Young leaves bear rusty hairs, which explain the common name. Small green fruits turn greenish-brown as they ripen. Wasps pollinate the tree. Useful Tropical Plants records the fruit as food. People eat it raw or dry it and press it into cakes. That source lists no known hazards, but RHS warns of skin allergy. Wear gloves when handling the plant.

Give it full sun or partial shade in a sheltered spot. It accepts clay, loam, sand, and chalk with good drainage. Acid, neutral, and alkaline soils all suit it. Under glass, use peat-free, loam-based compost with fine bark added. Water moderately during growth, then keep it barely moist in winter. Feed monthly during growth with a nitrogen-rich fertiliser. Keep winter temperatures steady and above 55°F [13°C]. Avoid draughts and heater fumes. RHS rates it H1B, allowing summer outdoor use in Britain.

In warm climates, it serves as a shade or street tree. It also suits hedges and container growing. Its soft, light wood has supplied shields and packing cases. Garden plants take about 20–50 years to reach full size. Under glass, watch for red spider mites, thrips, mealybugs, and scale insects. Honey fungus may also affect it. Seeds and cuttings offer ways to raise new plants.