Plantago ovata aka Ispaghul

Plantago ovata is an annual in the plantain family, Plantaginaceae. Its common names include blond psyllium, desert Indianwheat and isphagul. Its native range spans Mediterranean lands and parts of western Asia, reaching India. Records include southern Spain, North Africa, Arabia, Iran and Pakistan. It also occurs on the Canary Islands and Madeira. It is not native to Britain or Ireland. In the wild, it grows in dry, open places.

Each flower has both male and female organs. Wind carries its pollen, and the plant can also fertilise itself. Growers in India raise this species for its seeds. The seeds have a coat rich in mucilage. This substance takes up water and forms a thick gel. Soaked seeds swell to several times their dry volume. Both the seeds and their husks contain much fibre. These traits explain their food and medicinal uses.

For garden beds, give the plant sun and soil that drains well. It does not grow in shade. The species profile lists sand, loam and clay as suitable soils. It also lists mildly acid, neutral and mildly alkaline conditions. Soil may be dry or moist, provided water can drain away. Its British hardiness remains uncertain in the source account. That account suggests outdoor growth may be possible across much of Britain. This is an estimate, not a confirmed hardiness rating. Sow seeds in a cold frame in spring. Move seedlings into their own pots once large enough to handle. Plant them out in early summer. Another option is direct sowing in mid to late spring.

Young leaves can be eaten raw or cooked. Sprouted seeds can be added to salads. Food makers use seed-coat mucilage to help stabilise ice cream and chocolate. The same material can stiffen linen in place of starch. The seeds and husks have a long history of laxative use. Herbal uses also include soothing irritated tissues in the gut and urinary tract. The source lists no known hazards for this species. That statement does not establish safety for every person or pet. It reports no weed potential. Its documented value lies chiefly in seed production, food uses and herbal medicine, rather than showy garden features.