Scrophularia marilandica aka Figwort

Scrophularia marilandica is a tall perennial in the figwort family. Common names include eastern figwort, late figwort, and carpenter's square. It grows across central and eastern North America. Its range reaches from southern Canada to Florida and Texas. Wild plants grow in woods, ravines, thickets, and roadside sites. They also grow near streams and along woodland edges.

Plants grow upright with many branches and large leaves. Expect heights of 5–10 feet [1.5–3.05 metres]. One source gives a lower limit of 4 feet [1.2 metres]. Plants spread 3–6 feet [0.9–1.83 metres] across. Green stems have square cross sections and grooves. Glandular hairs with dark tips cover their surface. The stem base may turn woody by fall. Dull green leaves grow in opposite pairs on stalks. Their shapes range from broad ovals to narrow, pointed blades. Toothed edges frame each leaf. A few hairs follow the veins beneath the leaves.

Flowers open from July through September in loose, branching panicles. These clusters can reach 1 foot [0.3 metres] long. Each small flower has an urn-like tube and two lips. The outside ranges from green to purple. The inside has a reddish-brown shade. Individual blooms are small rather than bold garden features. Their nectar draws bees, wasps, flies, butterflies, and hummingbirds. The flowers replace nectar fast, providing a food source for visitors. Beekeepers have used this plant as a honey source. In fall, small brown capsules hold many tiny seeds. Each ripe capsule splits into two sections.

Give late figwort partial shade for best growth. It also accepts full sun where other needs are met. It favors fertile, moist sandy loam with good drainage. It can grow in other soils that drain well. The sources place it in USDA zones 4–7 or 4–8. Its growth rate is moderate, and maintenance needs are low. Use it in woodland borders, native gardens, or pollinator plantings. It also suits stream edges and pond margins. Grow more plants from seed, divided rhizomes, or root cuttings.

Serious pest and disease trouble is uncommon. Leaf spot and downy mildew can damage plants. Caterpillars, slugs, and weevils may also cause harm. Records note past use in herbal medicine. The supplied sources do not establish edible uses or toxicity.