Magnolia fraseri aka Fraser's Magnolia

Magnolia fraseri, or Fraser magnolia, is a deciduous flowering tree. It belongs to the magnolia family, Magnoliaceae. Its native range runs from West Virginia to Texas. Appalachian populations grow south from West Virginia to northern Georgia. There, it grows in rich coves, mountain slopes, and gorges. In North Carolina, it occurs at 2,000–4,000 feet [610–1,219 metres]. The name honours John Fraser, a Scottish botanist.

This fast-growing tree reaches 30–50 feet [9.1–15.2 metres] tall. It has an open crown with spreading branches. Straight trunks can grow in clumps, with branches near the base. The smooth bark is grey-brown, with scattered raised lenticels. Stout twigs have a purple-brown tint and large leaf scars. The smooth winter buds are purple and conspicuous. Large leaves give the crown a coarse texture.

The green leaves are simple and alternate along the stems. Each long blade narrows toward its base and has smooth edges. Ear-like basal lobes explain the name earleaf magnolia. These lobes are described as auriculate in botanical terms. Leaves reach about 0.8–1 foot [0.25–0.30 metres] long. They turn brown, copper, or yellow before falling. Large, scented flowers open singly from April to May. Their petals range from cream-white to pale yellow. Flowers span about 0.8–1 foot [0.25–0.30 metres]. Each flower holds both male and female parts.

The fruit forms an oblong, cone-like cluster of follicles. It measures about 0.33–0.42 feet [0.10–0.13 metres] long. The fruit display lasts from July to August. Mature fruits hold red seeds within their separate cells. Birds and small mammals eat the fruit and spread seeds. Large flowers and bold leaves suit lawns and native gardens. The light, weak wood is easy to work. It has limited use for timber and pulp.

Give this tree rich, cool, moist soil with good drainage. It prefers acid soil and accepts sun or partial shade. North Carolina State lists it for USDA zones 6–9. The same source rates its maintenance needs as low. Seed is a recommended means of propagation. Listed pests include magnolia scale and yellow poplar weevil. Sooty mould can also occur. The supplied sources do not establish human edibility or toxicity.