Verbascum phlomoides aka Wooly Mullein

Verbascum phlomoides, also known as the orange mullein,ly mullein (sometimes confused with Verbascum thapsus), or clasping-leaf mullein, is a plant species in the Scrophulariaceae family. Native to Europe and Asia Minor, it has become a widespread weed in North America. The Royal Horticultural Society recognizes it as an excellent plant for attracting pollinators. This biennial plant has pointed, grey-green, hairy leaves that form an evergreen basal rosette up to 60cm in diameter. During early to late summer, a leafy flower spike emerges, reaching up to 1.8m in height and bearing large, closely-packed yellow blooms. Verbascum phlomoides is adaptable and can thrive in various well-drained soils, including dry ones. It prefers a sunny location and does not tolerate shade or wet soils. It particularly flourishes in chalky and light soils. With hardiness down to -15°C, it can perennate in light, well-drained soils. Although it can hybridize with other members of its genus, the resulting offspring are typically infertile. This plant is classified as a biennial/perennial, growing up to 1.2m in height. Flowering occurs from June to September, with seed ripening from August to October. Verbascum phlomoides is a hermaphroditic plant, pollinated by insects, and capable of self-fertilization. It can thrive in various soil types, including light (sandy), medium (loamy), and heavy (clay) soils. It can also tolerate a wide range of pH levels, from acidic to basic (alkaline), and even very alkaline soils. However, it cannot survive in shaded areas and exhibits a preference for dry or moist soil conditions. This plant has several uses, including its medicinal properties as a respiratory catarrh and diuretic. However, it is also considered a troublesome weed. To control common mullein weeds, spraying them with a 2 percent solution of glyphosate or triclopyr mixed with water and a non-ionic surfactant is recommended. It is important to follow the instructions on the label precisely when using these herbicides.